MARKEY, Chief Judge. Appeal from a judgment of the District Court for the Northern District of California holding valid and infringed claims 1 through 5, 7 and 8 of U.S. Patent No. 3,748,015 ('015 patent), issued to Abe Offner, and claims 1 through 8 of U.S. Patent No. 3,821,763 ('763 patent), issued to Robert M. Scott. Both patents were assigned to The Perkin-Elmer Corporation (Perkin-Elmer). We affirm.